Drawn Animation
Cell Animation
Who invented cell animation and when?
The invention cel animation is generally attributed to Earl Hurd, who
patented the process in 1914.
What is cell animation?
Cel animation is the process of using celluloid, a transparent sheet on
which objects are drawn or painted on, for animation.
The process of making cell animations
The modern-day making of cell animations goes as follows:
The lead animator makes rough sketches of the key frames extremes of an action) in a scene. The assistant animator takes those roughs and cleans up the linework, possibly creating some of the in-between drawings. These sheets are passed on to the in-betweener, who draws the rest of the action on separate sheets in order to complete the action established by the animator's key frames.The in-betweener uses the dope sheet to determine how many drawings are needed.
Once the drawings are finished, a pencil test is done to check all the movements flow and nothing is missing. A pencil test is essentially a crude animation of the rough drawings. After the pencil test is approved, a cleanup artist traces the roughs to ensure that the linework is consistent from frame to frame. The cleanup artist's work is then passed on to the inker, who transfers the cleaned-up drawings onto cels before they are given to the paint
department to color. If the images are scanned to be used by computers, a lot of the cleanup, inking and painting is done by one person.
Backgrounds of scenes are then painted by special background artists. After all the cels have been inked and
painted, they are given to the camera person who photographs the backgrounds, along with their matching cels, according to the instructions on the dope sheet. The processed film, vocal tracks, music and sound tracks are then synchronized and edited together
Who invented cell animation and when?
The invention cel animation is generally attributed to Earl Hurd, who
patented the process in 1914.
What is cell animation?
Cel animation is the process of using celluloid, a transparent sheet on
which objects are drawn or painted on, for animation.
The process of making cell animations
The modern-day making of cell animations goes as follows:
The lead animator makes rough sketches of the key frames extremes of an action) in a scene. The assistant animator takes those roughs and cleans up the linework, possibly creating some of the in-between drawings. These sheets are passed on to the in-betweener, who draws the rest of the action on separate sheets in order to complete the action established by the animator's key frames.The in-betweener uses the dope sheet to determine how many drawings are needed.
Once the drawings are finished, a pencil test is done to check all the movements flow and nothing is missing. A pencil test is essentially a crude animation of the rough drawings. After the pencil test is approved, a cleanup artist traces the roughs to ensure that the linework is consistent from frame to frame. The cleanup artist's work is then passed on to the inker, who transfers the cleaned-up drawings onto cels before they are given to the paint
department to color. If the images are scanned to be used by computers, a lot of the cleanup, inking and painting is done by one person.
Backgrounds of scenes are then painted by special background artists. After all the cels have been inked and
painted, they are given to the camera person who photographs the backgrounds, along with their matching cels, according to the instructions on the dope sheet. The processed film, vocal tracks, music and sound tracks are then synchronized and edited together
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/8/5/26851537/8272940.jpg?290)
A celluloid the
cartoon Alvin and the
chipmunks. The celluloid features
a sketch of the main characters
in the scene. The celluloid
has not yet had its
background
drawn on
Cell Animation Techniques
Snow White was an innovative film because the animators used a new type of camera to create an illusion of depth
Name the new camera, include an image of it, and explain how it worked.
Snow White was an innovative film because the animators used a new type of camera to create an illusion of depth
Name the new camera, include an image of it, and explain how it worked.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/8/5/26851537/586602.jpg)
Snow White was filmed using the new multiplane camera. The camera was renowned for creating
a 3D effect. The camera worked by moving a number of pieces of artwork past the
camera at various speeds and at various distances from one another. The
movements are calculated and photographed frame-by-frame, with the result being
an illusion of depth by having several layers of transparent artwork moving at
different speeds - the further away from the camera, the slower the
speed.
a 3D effect. The camera worked by moving a number of pieces of artwork past the
camera at various speeds and at various distances from one another. The
movements are calculated and photographed frame-by-frame, with the result being
an illusion of depth by having several layers of transparent artwork moving at
different speeds - the further away from the camera, the slower the
speed.
Sound
Who deveoped a method for recording sound on film?
When did they do this?
Find an image to illustrate this process
Who deveoped a method for recording sound on film?
When did they do this?
Find an image to illustrate this process
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/8/5/26851537/2303164.jpg?86)
Lee De Forest, an American Inventor, is credited for the invention of sound on film due to his device known as the "Audion" tube, which allowed amplification of electric signals and was key to the developement of both sound on film and sound on disc systems. This device was made by De Forest in 1906. De Forest was also the first to successfully record sound on motion picture film in a processs he called "Phonofilm" in 1922.
A phonofilm in action